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How to get out of Debt (Even on a Low Income)

    How to get out of Debt (Even on a Low Income)

    Debt refers to money borrowed by an individual or organization with the promise to repay it, usually with interest, over a period of time.

    It is a financial obligation that can arise from credit cards, personal loans, student loans, mortgages, or even informal borrowing from friends and family.

    For many people, debt becomes a common part of life due to rising living costs, emergencies, or lack of proper financial planning.

    However, living with debt often brings more than just monthly payments. It can create emotional strain, anxiety, and even affect relationships and mental health.

    The pressure of keeping up with repayments, especially when income is limited, may lead to sleepless nights, reduced savings, and a constant feeling of being financially trapped.

    Despite these challenges, the journey to becoming debt-free is achievable. With discipline, a clear strategy, and consistent effort, anyone can regain control of their finances.

    This guide will walk you through practical steps to help you eliminate debt and rebuild a more stable and stress-free financial future.

    Understand Your Debt

    The first step toward financial freedom is understanding exactly what you owe. Begin by creating a comprehensive list of all your debts.

    This should include the total amount owed, the interest rates attached to each debt, the minimum monthly payments, and the due dates.

    Whether it’s a student loan, credit card balance, personal loan, or mortgage, writing it all down gives you a clear picture of your financial obligations.

    It’s also important to distinguish between good debt and bad debt. Good debt typically refers to borrowing that has the potential to increase your net worth or generate future income—such as student loans or home mortgages.

    These types of debt are usually tied to long-term goals and can be considered investments in your future.

    On the other hand, bad debt often involves borrowing for depreciating assets or unnecessary expenses, like high-interest credit card debt used for shopping or eating out. These debts tend to grow quickly and offer little to no return.

    Facing your financial reality can be uncomfortable, but it’s a crucial step. Ignoring debt doesn’t make it disappear—in fact, it usually makes the situation worse. By confronting the numbers head-on, you empower yourself to make informed decisions, create a realistic repayment plan, and start working toward a debt-free life.

    Create a Realistic Budget

    A realistic budget is your roadmap to getting out of debt and regaining financial control. The first step is to track your income and expenses.

    Start by listing all sources of income, including your salary, side hustles, or any irregular earnings. Then, record every expense—both fixed (like rent, electricity, and transport) and variable (like food, entertainment, or shopping). Doing this over a month gives you a true picture of where your money goes.

    Once you’ve tracked your spending, identify areas where you can cut back. Many people are surprised to see how much they spend on things like eating out, subscriptions they don’t use, or impulse purchases. Reducing or eliminating these expenses can free up cash that you can redirect toward debt repayment.

    To stay consistent, consider using budgeting tools and apps. Global platforms like Mint and YNAB (You Need A Budget) can help you manage your money effectively.

    In Nigeria, local apps such as PiggyVest and Cowrywise are great for saving, setting financial goals, and staying disciplined. These tools make it easier to set spending limits, automate savings, and track progress—all from your phone.

    A well-planned budget helps you live within your means, prioritize debt repayment, and build better financial habits for the future.

    Choose a Debt Repayment Strategy

    Once you’ve created a budget and freed up some money, the next step is choosing a repayment strategy that fits your financial situation and personality. Two of the most popular methods are the Debt Snowball and the Debt Avalanche.

    The Debt Snowball Method focuses on paying off your smallest debts first, regardless of interest rates. You make minimum payments on all debts but put any extra money toward the smallest balance.

    Once that debt is cleared, you move on to the next smallest. This method builds momentum and motivation as you quickly eliminate individual debts. It’s especially helpful if you need emotional wins to stay encouraged.

    On the other hand, the Debt Avalanche Method targets the debts with the highest interest rates first. You continue making minimum payments on all debts but focus any extra cash on the most expensive one in terms of interest.

    This method saves more money in the long run and reduces your total repayment time, making it a smart choice for those who are disciplined and mathematically focused.

    Choosing the right strategy depends on your personality and goals. If you need motivation and quick wins, the snowball method may be better.

    If you’re determined to minimize interest costs and can stay committed for the long haul, the avalanche method is likely more effective. Either way, consistency is key to success.

    Increase Your Income

    While cutting expenses is important, increasing your income can significantly accelerate your journey to becoming debt-free.

    The more money you earn, the more you can allocate toward repaying what you owe. There are several practical ways to boost your income, even without a complete career change.

    Start by exploring side hustles that fit your skills and schedule. Freelancing in areas like writing, graphic design, social media management, or tutoring can generate extra cash online.

    Platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, or even local gig networks can help you find paying clients. If you prefer offline work, ride-hailing services like Bolt or Uber, food delivery, or running errands for people are flexible options with quick returns.

    You can also look inward and monetize hobbies or sell unused items. Are you good at baking, sewing, photography, or crafts? Turn those talents into a small business.

    Additionally, decluttering your space and selling things you no longer need—such as electronics, clothes, or furniture—can provide a short-term cash boost.

    Lastly, don’t overlook your current job. Consider negotiating a raise if you’ve added value over time or take on extra responsibilities for additional pay. Alternatively, look for part-time jobs that don’t interfere with your main work but offer steady income.

    Boosting your income may require effort and creativity, but it can make a huge difference in how fast you break free from debt.

    Cut Unnecessary Expenses

    Reducing your spending is a powerful way to free up more money for debt repayment. Many people don’t realize how much of their income goes toward non-essential expenses until they take a closer look. By trimming the fat from your budget, you can make meaningful progress without needing a major income increase.

    Start by cutting back on subscriptions and recurring payments. Review all your streaming services, apps, and memberships—cancel anything you rarely use. Next, limit how often you eat out or order food.

    Cooking at home is usually more affordable and healthier. Also, put a pause on luxury or impulse purchases, like the latest gadgets, fashion trends, or unnecessary travel. Ask yourself if each expense aligns with your goal of becoming debt-free.

    Beyond cutting out extras, practice smart shopping habits. Look for discounts, use coupons, or shop during sales.

    Buying second-hand items—such as clothes, furniture, or electronics—can also save a lot of money. For essentials, consider bulk buying, especially for non-perishable goods. This reduces the cost per item and helps stretch your budget further.

    Being intentional with your spending doesn’t mean living uncomfortably—it means choosing what truly matters. Small savings, when done consistently, can make a big impact on your financial journey.

    Avoid New Debt

    One of the most important steps in getting out of debt is making sure you don’t create more. It’s easy to undo progress by falling back into borrowing habits, especially when faced with temptation or financial pressure. To truly move forward, you must break the cycle.

    Start by limiting or completely avoiding the use of credit cards, unless it’s absolutely necessary for emergencies.

    While they may seem convenient, they often come with high-interest rates that can trap you in a cycle of minimum payments and growing balances. If you must use a card, ensure you can pay off the full amount by the due date.

    Also, stay away from payday loans and quick-cash services. These short-term loans may offer fast relief but usually come with extremely high interest rates and fees. They often make your financial situation worse by locking you into high-cost repayments and repeated borrowing.

    Most importantly, learn to separate your needs from your wants. Needs are essential for living—like food, rent, and transport—while wants are extras that can wait. By being honest with yourself about what is truly necessary, you can make smarter spending choices and avoid debt triggers.

    Committing to a debt-free life means adopting a mindset of discipline and delayed gratification. The more you avoid new debt, the closer you get to lasting financial freedom.

    Seek Professional Help

    If managing your debt feels overwhelming, you don’t have to go through it alone. Sometimes, getting help from a professional can make all the difference.

    A certified financial advisor or debt counselor can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation. They can help you create a realistic repayment plan, offer strategies to reduce interest rates, and keep you accountable as you work toward financial stability.

    Another option to explore is debt consolidation or restructuring. Consolidation involves combining multiple debts into a single loan, ideally with a lower interest rate and more manageable monthly payments.

    Restructuring may involve negotiating new terms with your creditors. While these solutions can be helpful, they should be approached with caution.

    Be sure to research thoroughly, understand all terms, and avoid companies that charge high fees or make unrealistic promises.

    You can also look into local support systems, such as community-based financial literacy programs, cooperative savings groups (like ajo, esusu, or thrift societies), or church-supported assistance programs. These can offer not only financial support but also a sense of community and encouragement.

    Seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. With the right advice and support, you can simplify your debt journey and build a stronger financial foundation.

    Stay Motivated and Accountable

    Paying off debt is a journey that requires patience, consistency, and motivation. To stay on track, it’s important to keep your energy and focus high—even when progress feels slow.

    One effective strategy is to set small milestones along the way. Break your total debt into manageable chunks, and celebrate each time you reach a new goal.

    The rewards don’t have to be expensive—treat yourself to a relaxing day, a homemade dessert, or a fun, no-cost activity with friends.

    Using a debt tracker can also help you visualize your progress. Whether it’s a budgeting app, a spreadsheet, or a printed chart on your wall, seeing your balances shrink month by month can be incredibly motivating.

    You might also consider finding an accountability partner—a friend, family member, or online support group—to share your goals with and check in regularly. Having someone to encourage you and remind you why you started can make a big difference.

    Lastly, immerse yourself in debt-free success stories. Listen to podcasts, read blogs, or watch videos of people who have overcome debt. Their stories can inspire you, give you new ideas, and remind you that financial freedom is possible.

    Staying motivated is key to completing your debt-free journey. Keep your eyes on the goal, and take pride in every step forward.

    Conclusion

    Getting out of debt is not something that happens overnight—it’s a journey that requires time, discipline, and determination.

    Along the way, there may be setbacks or moments of frustration, but every small step brings you closer to financial freedom. What matters most is staying committed to your plan and trusting the process.

    Be patient with yourself as you work through the ups and downs. Celebrate progress, no matter how slow, and remember that consistency will always yield results. The habits you build during this journey—like budgeting, saving, and spending wisely—will serve you long after the debt is gone.

    Most importantly, know that you are not alone, and there is hope. Whether it’s creating a budget, picking a debt repayment strategy, increasing your income, or seeking professional help, every action counts. Start today, stay focused, and take control of your financial future—one step at a time.

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